Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging

M(mask) → W(α, a) → Σ_λ → D(g, η₄)

Coded Aperture Compressive Temporal Imaging

M(m_t) → Σ_t → D(g, η₄)

Single-Pixel Camera (Block Sensing)

S(block) → M(Φ) → Σ → D(g, η₁)

Single-Pixel Camera (Kronecker Sensing)

M(H⊗W) → D(g, η₁)

Generic Matrix Sensing

M(Φ) → D(g, η₁)

X-ray Computed Tomography

R(θ) → Π(fan) → D(g, η₁)

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

R(θ) → Π(cone) → D(g, η₁)

Positron Emission Tomography

Π(LOR) → Σ_t → D(g, η₃)

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Π(parallel) → Σ_E → D(g, η₃)

X-ray Radiography

Π(proj) → D(g, η₁)

Mammography

Π(contact) → D(g, η₁)

Fluoroscopy

Π(proj) → Σ_t → D(g, η₁)

X-ray Angiography

Π(proj) → D(g, η₁)

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

Λ(E₁,E₂) → Π(proj) → D(g, η₁)

Diffuse Optical Tomography

P(diffuse) → Σ → D(g, η₃)

Photoacoustic Imaging

P(acoustic) → Σ_t → D(g, η₂)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

F(k-traj) → D(g, η₁)

Functional MRI (BOLD)

F(EPI) → Σ_t → D(g, η₁)

Diffusion MRI (DTI)

F(EPI) → D(g, η₁)

MR Spectroscopy

F(FID) → D(g, η₁)

Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography

R(θ) → D(μ_ct) → Π(LOR) → D(g, η)

Positron Emission Tomography / Magnetic Resonance

F(k) → S(coil) → D(μ_mr) → R(θ) → D(g, η)

Single Photon Emission CT / Computed Tomography

R(θ) → D(μ_ct) → H(coll) → D(g, η)

Dual-Energy / Spectral Computed Tomography

R(θ) → A(E_low, E_high) → Σ_mat → D(g, η)

Industrial Computed Tomography

R(θ) → B(poly) → S(scatter) → D(g, η)

Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI

M → F → S → D

Brachytherapy Imaging

Π → D

CEST MRI

M → F → S → D

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)

P → R → D

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE)

M → C → D

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT)

Π → D

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)

P → D

MR Elastography (MRE)

M → F → S → D

MR Fingerprinting (MRF)

M → F → S → D

MR Angiography (MRA)

M → F → S → D

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

M → R → P → D

Portal Imaging (EPID)

Π → D

Proton Therapy Imaging

Π → D

Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI)

M → F → S → D

Ultrasound Imaging

P(acoustic) → Σ_t → D(g, η₂)

Doppler Ultrasound

P(acoustic) → Σ_t → D(g, η₂)

Shear-Wave Elastography

P(shear) → Σ_t → D(g, η₂)

Digital Holographic Microscopy

P(Fresnel) → D(g, η₁)

Ptychographic Imaging

P(probe) → D(g, η₁)

Coherent Diffractive Imaging

P(far-field) → D(g, η₁)

Optical Diffraction Tomography (ODT)

P → D

Talbot-Lau X-ray Grating Interferometry

M → P → D

Widefield Fluorescence Microscopy

C(PSF) → D(g, η₃)

Low-Dose Widefield Microscopy

C(PSF) → D(g, η₃)

Confocal Live-Cell Microscopy

C(PSF_confocal) → D(g, η₃)

Confocal 3D Z-Stack

C(PSF_3D) → D(g, η₃)

Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

C(PSF_sheet) → D(g, η₃)

Two-Photon / Multiphoton Microscopy

C(PSF_2P) → D(g, η₃)

STED Microscopy

C(PSF_STED) → D(g, η₃)

TIRF Microscopy

C(PSF_TIRF) → D(g, η₃)

Structured Illumination Microscopy

S(grating) → C(PSF) → Σ_φ → D(g, η₃)

Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy

S(LED array) → C(PSF_NA) → Σ_θ → D(g, η₁)

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

C(PSF) → Σ_t → D(g, η₃)

PALM/STORM Single-Molecule Localization

C(PSF) → D(g, η₃)

Polarization Microscopy

M(polarizer) → C(PSF) → D(g, η₁)

Dark-Field Microscopy

C → D

Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)

M → C → D

DNA-PAINT Super-Resolution

M → D

Expansion Microscopy (ExM)

C → D

Image Scanning Microscopy (ISM)

C → D

Lattice Light-Sheet Microscopy

C → D

MINFLUX Nanoscopy

C → D

Phase Contrast Microscopy

C → D

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Microscopy

M → R → D

Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy

C → D

Three-Photon Microscopy

C → D

Scanning Electron Microscopy

P(e⁻ beam) → C(probe) → D(g, η₁)

Transmission Electron Microscopy

P(e⁻) → C(CTF) → D(g, η₁)

Scanning TEM

P(e⁻) → C(probe) → D(g, η₁)

Electron Tomography

R(θ) → P(e⁻) → Π(proj) → D(g, η₁)

4D-STEM Electron Diffraction

P(e⁻) → F(diffraction) → D(g, η₁)

Electron Holography

P(e⁻) → Σ(interference) → D(g, η₁)

Electron Backscatter Diffraction

P(e⁻) → Π(backscatter) → D(g, η₁)

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

P(e⁻) → Λ(energy) → D(g, η₁)

Cryo-Electron Tomography (Cryo-ET)

Π → D

STEM-EDX Elemental Mapping

M → R → D

Focused Ion Beam SEM (FIB-SEM)

S → C → D

Fundus Camera

C(PSF_optic) → D(g, η₁)

Optical Coherence Tomography

P(low-coherence) → Σ(interference) → D(g, η₁)

OCT Angiography

P(low-coherence) → Σ(interference) → D(g, η₁)

Fiber Bundle Endoscopy

C(PSF_fiber) → D(g, η₁)

Light Field Imaging

Π(micro-lens) → D(g, η₁)

Integral Photography

Π(lens-array) → D(g, η₁)

Lensless (Diffuser Camera) Imaging

P(diffuser) → D(g, η₁)

Panorama Multi-Focus Fusion

C(PSF_focus) → Σ_f → D(g, η₁)

Coded Exposure / Flutter Shutter

M → C → D

Event Camera / Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS)

M → D

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging

M → Σ → D

Neural Radiance Fields

Π(ray) → Σ(volume) → D(g, η₁)

3D Gaussian Splatting

Π(splat) → Σ(alpha) → D(g, η₁)

Time-of-Flight Depth Camera

P(modulated) → Σ(correlation) → D(g, η₁)

Structured-Light Depth Camera

S(pattern) → Π(triangulation) → D(g, η₁)

LiDAR Scanner

P(pulsed) → Σ(return) → D(g, η₁)

Flash LiDAR

P → D

Photometric Stereo

M → C → D

Synthetic Aperture Radar

F(azimuth×range) → D(g, η₁)

Sonar Imaging

P(acoustic) → Σ_t → D(g, η₂)

Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)

P → D

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

M → W → Σ → D

Interferometric SAR (InSAR)

F → S → D

Multispectral Satellite Imaging

M → Σ → D

Ocean Color Remote Sensing

M → Σ → D

Passive Microwave Radiometry

Σ → D

Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR)

F → M → D

Radio Interferometry (VLBI)

F → S → D

Weather / Doppler Radar

P → R → D

Neutron Radiography / Tomography

R(θ) → Π(neutron) → D(g, η₁)

Proton Radiography

Π(proton) → D(g, η₁)

Muon Tomography

R(θ_cosmic) → Π(muon) → D(g, η₁)

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

S → D

Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM)

S → M → D

Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

M → C → D

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)

S → D

Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM)

P → D

Active Thermography (IR)

P → D

Eddy Current Imaging

F → D

Machine Vision / AOI

C → D

Shearography

M → P → D

Terahertz Imaging (THz)

P → D

Ultrasonic Phased Array (TFM/FMC)

P → D

X-ray NDT (Radiography)

Π → D

X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Imaging

M → R → D

Brillouin Microscopy

M → R → D

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) Microscopy

M → R → D

DESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

S → D

FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging

M → Σ → D

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Imaging

M → R → D

Raman Imaging / Microscopy

M → R → D

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Imaging

S → D

Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Microscopy

M → R → D

Stellar Coronagraphy

M → P → D

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Imaging

F → S → D

Lucky Imaging

M → C → D

Solar EUV/X-ray Imaging

M → P → D

Compressed Ultrafast Photography (CUP)

M → Σ → D

Pump-Probe Microscopy

M → R → D

Streak Camera Imaging

M → Σ → D

XFEL Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX)

M → R → D

Entangled Photon Microscopy

M → R → D

Ghost Imaging

M → Σ → D

Quantum Illumination

M → R → D

Acoustic Emission Testing (AE)

P → S → D

Adaptive Optics (AO) Imaging

M → C → D

Bioluminescence Tomography (BLT)

Src → R → P → D

Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI)

P → D

Gravitational Wave Detection

P → Σ → D

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

M → D

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)

M → F → D

Ocean Acoustic Tomography

P → D

Particle Calorimetry

R → Σ → D

Radio Aperture Synthesis

F → S → D

Seismic Tomography

P → D

Atom Probe Tomography (APT)

S → D

Cathodoluminescence (CL) Imaging

M → R → D

Cryo-EM Single Particle Analysis

C → D

MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

S → D

Neutron Diffraction

R → S → D

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)

R → D

Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS)

R → D

X-ray Crystallography

F → S → D

X-ray Fluorescence Tomography

Π → R → D

Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy (CLEM)

(C → D) + (C → D) → ⊕

CT + Fluorescence (FLIT)

(Π → D) + (M → R → P → D) → ⊕

US/MRI Fusion

(P → D) + (M → F → S → D) → ⊕